Current Issue : October - December Volume : 2016 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 5 Articles
Background: The regional lymph node involvement is a major prognostic factor in patients with non-small cell\nlung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing surgical resection. Disease relapse is common, suggesting that early disseminated\ndisease is already present in the regional lymph nodes at the time of surgery, and that the current nodal staging\nclassification might be suboptimal. Early detection of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in lymph nodes could\npotentially enable identification of subcategories of patients with high risk of disease relapse.\nMethod: Lymph node samples were collected from 128 NSCLC patients at the time of surgery and the presence of\nDTCs determined by immunomagnetic selection (IMS) using the MOC31 antibody recognizing EpCAM. Results\nobtained with IMS were compared to the pathological staging obtained by histopathology. Associations between\nthe presence of DTCs and clinicopathological variables and patient outcome were investigated.\nResults: DTCs were detected in 40 % of the lymph node samples by IMS. Their presence was significantly\nassociated with pN status as assessed by histopathology, and samples from 83 % of the patients with lymph\nnode metastases (pN1-2) had detectable DTCs. In the group of patients who were negative for lymph node\nmetastases by standard histopathology (pN0) DTCs were detected in 32 %. The presence of DTCs was not\nassociated with any other clinicopathological variables. Patients with IMS-positive samples showed decreased\nrelapse free survival compared to patients with IMS-negative samples, but the difference was not statistically\nsignificant. The pN status was significantly associated with both relapse free and overall survival, but the\npresence of DTCs had no prognostic impact in the subcategory of patients with pN0 status.\nConclusion: Our findings do not support further development of lymph node DTC detection for clinical use\nin early stage NSCLC....
Background: Pathological diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma (UC) is primarily based on cytological atypia. It has\npreviously been shown that high-grade (HG) UC, particularly UC in situ cells (CIS), can be over five times the size of\na lymphocyte. However, this has not been demonstrated in comparison to reactive urothelium. The objective of\nthis study was to empirically compare the difference in nuclear size of UC cells with reactive urothelial cells.\nMethods: Using CellSens imaging software, we measured urothelial nuclear length (l) and width (w) on digital\nimages of H&E sections. The area (a) of a nucleus was calculated based on the oval shape of most urothelial cells.\nLymphocytes were measured to calculate normalized urothelial linear and area ratios.\nResults: A total of 1085 urothelial cell nuclei from 60 cases were measured from reactive urothelium, low grade\n(LG) UC, HG UC and CIS. CIS nuclei were found to have an a 2.75 times larger than reactive nuclei (p < 0.001). A\nnuclear size cut-off of 11 um for l and 7 um for w was found to be sensitive [98.09 % (95 % CI: 95.60ââ?¬â??99.38 %) and\n89.31 % (95 % CI: 83.6ââ?¬â??91.82 %) for l and w, respectively] and specific [92.60 % (95 % CI: 87.13ââ?¬â??95.82 %) and 85.71 %\n(95 % CI: 79.49ââ?¬â??90.63 %) for l and w, respectively] for distinguishing CIS from reactive atypia.\nConclusions: Nuclear morphometry can be used to differentiate CIS from reactive atypia. A l over 11 um and a w\nover 7 um and is highly sensitive and specific for CIS compared to reactive urothelium. This difference in nuclear\nsize may be used as a tool for differentiating the flat urothelial lesions from reactive urothelium in daily practice....
This work presents the pathology description, isolation and identification of canine herpesvirus\n(CHV-1) in Mexico, a virus that causes a generalized hemorrhagic infection in puppies from the canidae\nfamily. Methods: Isolates were obtained from puppies that died within the first four weeks\nof life and had lesions consistent with canine herpesvirus. Results: The main gross lesions were\npetechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages in kidneys, liver and lungs; proliferative interstitial nephritis;\nmultifocal necrosis in liver and kidneys; and encephalitis with intranuclear inclusion bodies.\nHerpesvirus was confirmed through direct immunofluorescence, electron microscopy and polymerase\nchain reaction for DNA polymerase and glycoprotein B genes. Discussion: Eight strains\nwere isolated and identified as canine herpesvirus corresponding to three of the working cases\nwith gross and microscopic lesions very similar to those described in the literature; then, isolates\nwere confirmed by PCR gene amplification, positive reactions on immunofluorescence and observations\nfrom electron microscopy. This work represents the first report of this disease, including\ngross and histological lesions, and confirmation by isolation and identification of the canine herpesvirus\nin Mexico....
Chronic obesity is a known risk factor for metabolic syndrome. However, little is known about pathological changes in the small\nintestine associated with chronic obesity. This study investigated cellular and subcellular level changes in the small intestine of obese\nmice. In this study, amouse model of obesity was established by early postnatal administration of monosodiumglutamate. Changes\nin body weight were monitored, and pathological changes in the small intestine were evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl\nstaining and light and electron microscopy. Consequently, obese mice were significantly heavier compared with controls from 9\nweeks of age. Villi in the small intestine of obese mice were elongated and thinned.There was reduced hematoxylin staining in the\nepithelium of the small intestine of obese mice. Electron microscopy revealed a significant decrease in and shortening of rough\nendoplasmic reticulum in epithelial cells of the small intestine of obese mice compared with normal mice.The decrease in rough\nendoplasmic reticulum in the small intestine epithelial cells of obese mice indicates that obesity starting in childhood influences\nvarious functions of the small intestine, such as protein synthesis, and could impair both the defense mechanism against invasion\nof pathogenic microbes and nutritional absorption...
Background: Histologic characteristics have proven to be very useful for classifying different types of tumors of the\npancreas. As a result, the major tumor types in the pancreas have long been classified based on their microscopic\nappearance.\nMain body: Recent advances in whole exome sequencing, gene expression profiling, and knowledge of\ntumorigenic pathways have deepened our understanding of the underlying biology of pancreatic neoplasia. These\nadvances have not only confirmed the traditional histologic classification system, but also opened new doors to\nearly diagnosis and targeted treatment.\nConclusion: This review discusses the histopathology, genetic and epigenetic alterations and potential treatment\ntargets of the five major malignant pancreatic tumors - pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, pancreatic\nneuroendocrine tumor, solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm, acinar cell carcinoma and pancreatoblastoma...
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